Tool Steel grades at a glance with ASTM specification and equivalent chart
Tool steels are a family carbon and alloy steels having distinct characteristics such as hardness, wear resistance, toughness, and resistance to softening at elevated temperatures.
Tool steels comprise carbide-forming elements such as chromium, vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten in different combinations. They also contain cobalt or nickel which improves their high-temperature performance. They are generally heat-treated to improve the hardness and used for stamping, forming, shearing and cutting metals and forming of plastics. They are classified according to their composition and properties into various categories.
Available Sectional Forms
Classifications
Tools steels fall into three basic categories:
- Cold work tool steels
- Hot work tool steels
- High-speed tool steels
Cold-work steels are further subdivided into:
- Air-hardening
- Medium-alloy cold-work steels
- High-carbon, high-chromium cold-work steels
- Oil-hardening cold-work steels
Hot work steels are subdivided into:
- Chromium
- Tungsten
- Molybdenum hot work steels
High-speed tool steels are divided into:
- Molybdenum
- Tungsten
- Intermediate high-speed steels
Other types of tool steels include:
- Water-hardening tool steels
- Shock-resistant tool steels
- Low-carbon tool steels
- Low-alloy special purpose tool steels.
The following table shows the composition limits of various types of tool steels.
| Designation | Compositiona, % | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISI | UNS | C | Mn | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | W | V | Co |
| Molybdenum high-speed steels | ||||||||||
| M1 | T11301 | 0.78-0.88 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.20-0.50 | 3.50-4.00 | 0.30 max | 8.20-9.20 | 1.40-2.10 | 1.00-1.35 | – |
| M2 | T11302 | 0.78-0.88; 0.95-1.05 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.20-0.45 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | 4.50-5.50 | 5.50-6.75 | 1.75-2.20 | – |
| M3, class 1 | T11313 | 1.00-1.10 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.20-0.45 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | 4.75-6.50 | 5.00-6.75 | 2.25-2.75 | – |
| M3, class 2 | T11323 | 1.15-1.25 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.20-0.45 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | 4.75-6.50 | 5.00-6.75 | 2.75-3.75 | – |
| M4 | T11304 | 1.25-1.40 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.20-0.45 | 3.75-4.75 | 0.30 max | 4.25-5.50 | 5.25-6.50 | 3.75-4.50 | – |
| M7 | T11307 | 0.97-1.05 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.20-0.55 | 3.50-4.00 | 0.30 max | 8.20-9.20 | 1.40-2.10 | 1.75-2.25 | – |
| M10 | T11310 | 0.84-0.94; 0.95-1.05 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.20-0.45 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | 7.75-8.50 | – | 1.80-2.20 | – |
| M30 | T11330 | 0.75-0.85 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.20-0.45 | 3.50-4.25 | 0.30 max | 7.75-9.00 | 1.30-2.30 | 1.00-1.40 | 4.50-5.50 |
| M33 | T11333 | 0.85-0.92 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.50 | 3.50-4.00 | 0.30 max | 9.00-10.00 | 1.30-2.10 | 1.00-1.35 | 7.75-8.75 |
| M34 | T11334 | 0.85-0.92 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.20-0.45 | 3.50-4.00 | 0.30 max | 7.75-9.20 | 1.40-2.10 | 1.90-2.30 | 7.75-8.75 |
| M35 | T11335 | 0.82-0.88 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.20-0.45 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | 4.50-5.50 | 5.50-6.75 | 1.75-2.20 | 4.50-5.50 |
| M36 | T11336 | 0.80-0.90 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.20-0.45 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | 4.58-5.50 | 5.50-6.50 | 1.75-2.25 | 7.75-8.75 |
| M41 | T11341 | 1.05-1.15 | 0.20-0.60 | 0.15-0.50 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | 3.25-4.25 | 6.25-7.00 | 1.75-2.25 | 4.75-5.75 |
| M42 | T11342 | 1.05-1.15 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.65 | 3.50-4.25 | 0.30 max | 9.00-10.00 | 1.15-1.85 | 0.95-1.35 | 7.75-8.75 |
| M43 | T11343 | 1.15-1.25 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.15-0.65 | 3.50-4.25 | 0.30 max | 7.50-8.50 | 2.25-3.00 | 1.50-1.75 | 7.75-8.75 |
| M44 | T11344 | 1.10-1.20 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.30-0.55 | 4.00-4.75 | 0.30 max | 6.00-7.00 | 5.00-5.75 | 1.85-2.20 | 11.00-12.25 |
| M46 | T11346 | 1.22-1.30 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.40-0.65 | 3.70-4.20 | 0.30 max | 8.00-8.50 | 1.90-2.20 | 3.00-3.30 | 7.80-8.80 |
| M47 | T11347 | 1.05-1.15 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.20-0.45 | 3.50-4.00 | 0.30 max | 9.25-10.00 | 1.30-1.80 | 1.15-1.35 | 4.75-5.25 |
| M47 | T11348 | 1.42-1.52 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.40 | 3.50-4.00 | 0.30 max | 4.75-5.50 | 9.50-10.50 | 2.75-3.25 | 8.00-10.00 |
| M62 | T11362 | 1.25-1.35 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.40 | 3.50-4.00 | 0.30 max | 10.00-11.00 | 5.75-6.50 | 1.80-2.10 | – |
| Tungsten high-speed steels | ||||||||||
| T1 | T12001 | 0.65-0.80 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.20-0.40 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | – | 17.25-18.75 | 0.90-1.30 | – |
| T2 | T12002 | 0.80-0.90 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.20-0.40 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | 1.0 max | 17.50-19.00 | 1.80-2.40 | – |
| T4 | T12004 | 0.70-0.80 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.20-0.40 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | 0.40-1.00 | 17.50- 19.00 | 0.80-1.20 | 4.25-5.75 |
| T5 | T12005 | 0.75-0.85 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.20-0.40 | 3.75-5.00 | 0.30 max | 0.50-1.25 | 17.50-19.00 | 1.80- 2.40 | 7.00-9.50 |
| T6 | T12006 | 0.75-0.85 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.20-0.40 | 4.00-4.75 | 0.30 max | 0.40-1.00 | 18.50-21.00 | 1.50- 2.10 | 11.00-13.00 |
| T8 | T12008 | 0.75-0.85 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.20-0.40 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | 0.40-1.00 | 13.25-14.75 | 1.80- 2.40 | 4.25-5.75 |
| T15 | T12015 | 1.50-1.60 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.40 | 3.75-5.00 | 0.30 max | 1.00 max | 11.75- 13.00 | 4.50-5.25 | 4.75-5.25 |
| Intermediate high-speed steels | ||||||||||
| M50 | T11350 | 0.78-0.88 | 0.15-0.45 | 0.20-0.60 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | 3.90-4.75 | – | 0.80- 1.25 | – |
| M52 | T11352 | 0.85-0.95 | 0.15-0.45 | 0.20-0.60 | 3.50-4.30 | 0.30 max | 4.00-4.90 | 0.75-1.50 | 1.65- 2.25 | – |
| Chromium hot-work steels | ||||||||||
| H10 | T20810 | 0.35-0.45 | 0.25-0.70 | 0.80-1.20 | 3.00-3.75 | 0.30 max | 2.00-3.00 | – | 0.25-0.75 | – |
| H11 | T20811 | 0.33-0.43 | 0.20-0.50 | 0.80-1.20 | 4.75-5.50 | 0.30 max | 1.10-1.60 | – | 0.30- 0.60 | – |
| H12 | T20812 | 0.30-0.40 | 0.20-0.50 | 0.80-1.20 | 4.75-5.50 | 0.30 max | 1.25-1.75 | 1.00- 1.70 | 0.50 max | – |
| H13 | T20813 | 0.32-0.45 | 0.20-0.50 | 0.80-1.20 | 4.75-5.50 | 0.30 max | 1.10-1.75 | – | 0.80- 1.20 | – |
| H14 | T20814 | 0.35-0.45 | 0.20-0.50 | 0.80-1.20 | 4.75-5.50 | 0.30 max | – | 4.00- 5.25 | – | – |
| H19 | T20819 | 0.32-0.45 | 0.20-0.50 | 0.20-0.50 | 4.00-4.75 | 0.30 max | 0.30-0.55 | 3.75- 4.50 | 1.75-2.20 | 4.00-4.50 |
| Tungsten hot-work steels | ||||||||||
| H21 | T20821 | 0.28-0.36 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.50 | 3.00-3.75 | 0.30 max | – | 8.50- 10.00 | 0.30-0.60 | – |
| H22 | T20822 | 0.30-0.40 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.40 | 1.75-3.75 | 0.30 max | – | 10.00-11.75 | 0.25- 0.50 | – |
| H23 | T20823 | 0.25-0.35 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.60 | 11.00-12.75 | 0.30 max | – | 11.00-12.75 | 0.75- 1.25 | – |
| H24 | T20824 | 0.42-0.53 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.40 | 2.50-3.50 | 0.30 max | – | 14.00-16.00 | 0.40- 0.60 | – |
| H25 | T20825 | 0.22-0.32 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.40 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | – | 14.00-16.00 | 0.40- 0.60 | – |
| H26 | T20826 | 0.45-0.55b | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.40 | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | – | 17.25- 19.00 | 0.75-1.25 | – |
| Molybdenum hot-work steels | ||||||||||
| H42 | T20842 | 0.55-0.70b | 0.15-0.40 | – | 3.75-4.50 | 0.30 max | 4.50- 5.50 | 5.50-6.75 | 1.75-2.20 | – |
| Air-hardening, medium-alloy, cold-work steels | ||||||||||
| A2 | T30102 | 0.95-1.05 | 1.00 max | 0.50 max | 4.75-5.50 | 0.30 max | 0.90-1.40 | – | 0.15-0.50 | – |
| A3 | T30103 | 1.20-1.30 | 0.40-0.60 | 0.50 max | 4.75-5.50 | 0.30 max | 0.90-1.40 | – | 0.80- 1.40 | – |
| A4 | T30104 | 0.95-1.05 | 1.80-2.20 | 0.50 max | 0.90-2.20 | 0.30 max | 0.90-1.40 | – | – | – |
| A6 | T30106 | 0.65-0.75 | 1.80-2.50 | 0.50 max | 0.90-1.20 | 0.30 max | 0.90-1.40 | – | – | – |
| A7 | T30107 | 2.00-2.85 | 0.80 max | 0.50 max | 5.00-5.75 | 0.30 max | 0.90-1.40 | 0.50- 1.50 | 3.90-5.15 | – |
| A8 | T30108 | 0.50-0.60 | 0.50 max | 0.75-1.10 | 4.75-5.50 | 0.30 max | 1.15-1.65 | 1.00- 1.50 | – | – |
| A9 | T30109 | 0.45-0.55 | 0.50 max | 0.95-1.15 | 4.75-5.50 | 1.25-1.75 | 1.30-1.80 | – | 0.80- 1.40 | – |
| A10 | T30110 | 1.25-1.50c | 1.60-2.10 | 1.00-1.50 | – | 1.55-2.05 | 1.25-1.75 | – | – | – |
| High-carbon, high-chromium, cold-work steels | ||||||||||
| D2 | T30402 | 1.40-1.60 | 0.60 max | 0.60 max | 11.00-13.00 | 0.30 max | 0.70-1.20 | – | 1.10 max | – |
| D3 | T30403 | 2.00-2.35 | 0.60 max | 0.60 max | 11.00-13.50 | 0.30 max | – | 1.00 max | 1.00 max | – |
| D4 | T30404 | 2.05-2.40 | 0.60 max | 0.60 max | 11.00-13.00 | 0.30 max | 0.70-1.20 | – | 1.00 max | – |
| D5 | T30405 | 1.40-1.60 | 0.60 max | 0.60 max | 11.00-13.00 | 0.30 max | 0.70-1.20 | – | 1.00 max | 2.50-3.50 |
| D7 | T30407 | 2.15-2.50 | 0.60 max | 0.60 max | 11.50-13.50 | 0.30 max | 0.70-1.20 | – | 3.80-4.40 | – |
| Oil-hardening cold-work steels | ||||||||||
| O1 | T31501 | 0.85-1.00 | 1.00-1.40 | 0.50 max | 0.40-0.60 | 0.30 max | – | 0.40-0.60 | 0.30 max | – |
| O2 | T31502 | 0.85-0.95 | 1.40-1.80 | 0.50 max | 0.50 max | 0.30 max | 0.30 max | – | 0.30 max | – |
| O6 | T31506 | 1.25-1.55c | 0.30-1.10 | 0.55-1.50 | 0.30 max | 0.30 max | 0.20-0.30 | – | – | – |
| O7 | T31507 | 1.10-1.30 | 1.00 max | 0.60 max | 0.35-0.85 | 0.30 max | 0.30 max | 1.00-2.00 | 0.40 max | – |
| Shock-resisting steels | ||||||||||
| S1 | T41901 | 0.40-0.55 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.15-1.20 | 1.00-1.80 | 0.30 max | 0.50 max | 1.50-3.00 | 0.15-0.30 | – |
| S2 | T41902 | 0.40-0.55 | 0.30-0.50 | 0.90-1.20 | – | 0.30 max | 0.30-0.60 | – | 0.50 max | – |
| S5 | T41905 | 0.50-0.65 | 0.60-1.00 | 1.75-2.25 | 0.50 max | – | 0.20-1.35 | – | 0.35 max | – |
| S6 | T41906 | 0.40-0.50 | 1.20-1.50 | 2.00-2.50 | 1.20-1.50 | – | 0.30-0.50 | – | 0.20-0.40 | – |
| S7 | T41907 | 0.45-0.55 | 0.20-0.90 | 0.20-1.00 | 3.00-3.50 | – | 1.30-1.80 | – | 0.20-0.30d | – |
| Low-alloy special-purpose tool steels | ||||||||||
| L2 | T61202 | 0.45-1.00b | 0.10-0.90 | 0.50 max | 0.70-1.20 | – | 0.25 max | – | 0.10-0.30 | – |
| L6 | T61206 | 0.65-0.75 | 0.25-0.80 | 0.50 max | 0.60-1.20 | 1.25-2.00 | 0.50 max | – | 0.20-0.30d | – |
| Low-carbon mold steels | ||||||||||
| P2 | T51602 | 0.10 max | 0.10-0.40 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.75-1.25 | 0.10-0.50 | 0.15-0.40 | – | – | – |
| P3 | T51603 | 0.10 max | 0.20-0.60 | 0.40 max | 0.40-0.75 | 1.00-1.50 | – | – | – | – |
| P4 | T51604 | 0.12 max | 0.20-0.60 | 0.10-0.40 | 4.00-5.25 | – | 0.40-1.00 | – | – | – |
| P5 | T51605 | 0.10 max | 0.20-0.60 | 0.40 max | 2.00-2.50 | 0.35 max | – | – | – | – |
| P6 | T51606 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.35-0.70 | 0.10-0.40 | 1.25-1.75 | 3.25-3.75 | – | – | – | – |
| P20 | T51620 | 0.28-0.40 | 0.60-1.00 | 0.20-0.80 | 0.40-2.00 | – | 0.30-0.55 | – | – | – |
| P21 | T51621 | 0.18-0.22 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.50 max | 3.90-4.25 | – | – | 0.15-0.25 | 1.05-1.25A1 |
| Water-hardening tool steels | ||||||||||
| W1 | T72301 | 0.70-1.50e | 0.10-0.40 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.15 max | 0.20 max | 0.10 max | 0.15 max | 0.10 max | – |
| W2 | T72302 | 0.85-1.50e | 0.10-0.40 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.15 max | 0.20 max | 0.10 max | 0.15 max | 0.15-0.35 | – |
| W3 | T72305 | 1.05-1.15 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.40-0.60 | 0.20 max | 0.10 max | 0.15 max | 0.10 max | – |
| Defining property | AISI-SAE grade | Significant characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Water-hardening | W | |
| Cold-working | O | Oil-hardening |
| A | Air-hardening; medium alloy | |
| D | High carbon; high chromium | |
| Shock resisting | S | |
| High speed | T | Tungsten base |
| M | Molybdenum base | |
| Hot-working | H | H1–H19: chromium base H20–H39: tungsten base H40–H59: molybdenum base |
| Plastic mold | P | |
| Special purpose | L | Low alloy |
| F | Carbon tungsten |
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